In order to explain the bonding, the 2s orbital and two of the 2p orbitals called sp 2 hybrids hybridize; one empty p-orbital remains. Ethene C 2 H 4 has a double bond between the carbons. In this case, carbon will sp 2 hybridize; in sp 2 hybridization, the 2s orbital mixes with only two of the three available 2p orbitals, forming a total of three sp hybrid orbitals with one p-orbital remaining.
The three hybridized orbitals explain the three sigma bonds that each carbon forms. The two carbon atoms form a sigma bond in the molecule by overlapping two sp 2 orbitals. The pi bond between the carbon atoms perpendicular to the molecular plane is formed by 2p—2p overlap. In aluminum trihydride, one 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals hybridize to form three sp 2 orbitals that align themselves in the trigonal planar structure. The three Al sp 2 orbitals bond with with 1s orbitals from the three hydrogens through sp 2 -s orbital overlap.
Similar hybridization occurs in each carbon of ethene. For each carbon, one 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals hybridize to form three sp 2 orbitals. These hybridized orbitals align themselves in the trigonal planar structure. For each carbon, two of these sp orbitals bond with two 1s hydrogen orbitals through s-sp orbital overlap. The remaining sp 2 orbitals on each carbon are bonded with each other, forming a bond between each carbon through sp 2 -sp 2 orbital overlap.
This leaves us with the two p orbitals on each carbon that have a single carbon in them. These orbitals form a? Because a double bond was created, the overall structure of the ethene compound is linear. However, the structure of each molecule in ethene, the two carbons, is still trigonal planar. This formation minimizes electron repulsion. Because only one p orbital was used, we are left with two unaltered 2p orbitals that the atom can use. These p orbitals are at right angles to one another and to the line formed by the two sp orbitals.
Figure 1: Notice how the energy of the electrons lowers when hybridized. These p orbitals come into play in compounds such as ethyne where they form two addition? This only happens when two atoms, such as two carbons, both have two p orbitals that each contain an electron. An sp hybrid orbital results when an s orbital is combined with p orbital Figure 2. We will get two sp hybrid orbitals since we started with two orbitals s and p. These hybridized orbitals result in higher electron density in the bonding region for a sigma bond toward the left of the atom and for another sigma bond toward the right.
In addition, sp hybridization provides linear geometry with a bond angle of o. In magnesium hydride, the 3s orbital and one of the 3p orbitals from magnesium hybridize to form two sp orbitals. The two frontal lobes of the sp orbitals face away from each other forming a straight line leading to a linear structure. These two sp orbitals bond with the two 1s orbitals of the two hydrogen atoms through sp-s orbital overlap.
The hybridization in ethyne is similar to the hybridization in magnesium hydride. For each carbon, the 2s orbital hybridizes with one of the 2p orbitals to form two sp hybridized orbitals.
The frontal lobes of these orbitals face away from each other forming a straight line. The first bond consists of sp-sp orbital overlap between the two carbons. Another two bonds consist of s-sp orbital overlap between the sp hybridized orbitals of the carbons and the 1s orbitals of the hydrogens. This leaves us with two p orbitals on each carbon that have a single carbon in them. Microbiology Video Lessons. Calculus Video Lessons. Statistics Video Lessons.
Microeconomics Video Lessons. Macroeconomics Video Lessons. Accounting Video Lessons. Join Clutch Prep Get a better grade with hundreds of hours of expert tutoring videos for your textbook Continue Continue OR Password must contain at least one uppercase letter, a number and a specific symbol. Hybridization Video Lessons. Problem : What is the total number of unhybridized p-orbitals present in the following molecule?
Problem Details What is the total number of unhybridized p-orbitals present in the following molecule? Learn this topic by watching Hybridization Concept Videos. See all problems in Hybridization.
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