Why crew resource management

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If you wish to access the latest content from the SKYbrary team, please visit and bookmark www. Crew Resource Management CRM is the effective use of all available resources for flight crew personnel to assure a safe and efficient operation, reducing error, avoiding stress and increasing efficiency.

CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight data recorders FDRs and cockpit voice recorders CVRs into modern jet aircraft. Information gathered from these devices has suggested that many accidents do not result from a technical malfunction of the aircraft or its systems, nor from a failure of aircraft handling skills or a lack of technical knowledge on the part of the crew; it appears instead that they are caused by the inability of crews to respond appropriately to the situation in which they find themselves.

For example, inadequate communications between crew members and other parties could lead to a loss of situational awareness , a breakdown in teamwork in the aircraft, and, ultimately, to a wrong decision or series of decisions which result in a serious incident or a fatal accident. Many corporate operators requested that the training events be held on-site at their facilities.

It was common for an entire flight department to stand down to complete initial CRM training with recurrent sessions occurring on an annual or biennial basis. Today, the requests for on-site training are dwindling. One aspect that must be acknowledged in any CRM discussion is the enormous difference in interpersonal dynamics between corporate and airline flight departments. Pilots at large airlines can go an entire career and never fly with the same person twice. In an airline cockpit, the inexorable application of SOPs enables two people who have never flown together to conduct the job safely and efficiently.

Still, personality problems exist. Unlike airlines that may have thousands of pilots, corporate flight departments can run the gamut from a couple of dozen pilots all the way down to two. Pilots in a small department may have to sit in a confined cockpit next to the same individual — like it or not — for the next 30 years.

In this setting, the application of good CRM is not just an exercise in patience and humility for one leg but instead becomes the modus operandi for an entire career.

The early methodology was indeed heavy on psychology and personality-focused. Subsequent evolutions have shifted the focus to the system at large and, more importantly, to error detection, trapping and mitigation. The threat and error management paradigm is a byproduct of CRM.

The e-learning format or even learning CRM as the only student in the class does have benefits. But the communication aspect of CRM and the understanding of group dynamics must be addressed. The ability to monitor both the automation and the other pilot and to use the skills of inquiry, advocacy and assertion to speak up must be emphasized and practiced.